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Here are several examples of real errors of the copy-paste pattern in C++ found in popular open-source projects with the PVS-Studio static analyzer.
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Unlike ordinary manual review, static analysis is usually completely automated and covers the whole project code - even those fragments which are executed seldom and where errors are difficult to detect through dynamic verification methods.
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For instance, you can use the static analysis methodology.
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It's best to catch copy-paste mistakes at the stage of code writing in automatic mode. Note that manual check of such a code (code review) is rather inefficient because the human eye simply cannot distinguish differences in 1-2 characters. These errors are so frequent (especially in large projects) because it is impossible in practice to avoid copying several lines in a row, for example, when calling one method with different (but similar in general) parameters and applying this method to different objects several times in a row. If some mistake was already made earlier, it will be multiplicated throughout the code. Such a code is difficult to comprehend, while fragments repeated many times weaken programmer's attention, which is a source of misprints. This programming style often produces excessively large, poorly readable functions that contain a lot of repeating code fragments. This method is usually understood as multiple copying (with further editing) of existing code instead of creating general solutions.
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The copy-paste programming method is a widely spread coding anti-pattern (a trap).
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